What Is Tartar? Everything You Need to Know About Dental Calculus
Tartar, also known as dental calculus, is a common yet often overlooked oral health problem. It forms when plaque, a sticky film of bacteria and food particles, hardens over time on the surface of the teeth. This hardened buildup can lead to serious oral health issues if not professionally removed. Regular tartar cleaning is essential for maintaining a healthy mouth. So, what exactly is tartar, and how does it form?
How Does Tartar Form?
Tartar develops when dental plaque is not removed effectively and becomes mineralized, turning into a hardened deposit. Plaque accumulates due to food debris, saliva, and bacteria in the mouth. Without regular brushing and flossing, plaque calcifies and adheres to the tooth surfaces, especially around the gum line and between teeth.
Tartar often forms in areas that are difficult to reach with a toothbrush, such as the back teeth and lower front teeth—especially where saliva glands release minerals more intensely.
What Causes Tartar Buildup?
The primary cause of tartar is inadequate oral hygiene. If plaque is not consistently removed, it turns into tartar. Additional factors that may contribute to tartar formation include:
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Poor oral hygiene habits
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Reduced saliva flow
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Frequent consumption of sugary or starchy foods
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Smoking or tobacco use
Tobacco, in particular, accelerates tartar formation by making plaque more adhesive and difficult to remove.
Symptoms of Tartar
Tartar is usually visible and may be felt with the tongue. Common signs include:
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Hard, yellow or brown deposits on teeth
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Gum sensitivity and bleeding
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Bad breath
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Gum recession
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Redness and swelling in the gums
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Hardened buildup between or behind the teeth
If you notice these symptoms, you should schedule a dental cleaning as soon as possible.
When Should You Get a Tartar Cleaning?
Tartar removal should be done regularly—typically every six months—as part of your routine dental check-ups. However, if you’re prone to tartar buildup, your dentist may recommend more frequent cleanings.
How Is Tartar Removed?
Tartar can only be safely removed by a dental professional. The process involves:
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Ultrasonic scaling: High-frequency vibrations break down tartar from the tooth surface.
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Manual scaling: Dentists use hand instruments to scrape off remaining deposits.
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Polishing: The teeth are polished to smooth the surfaces, making it harder for plaque to accumulate again.
The procedure is generally painless, although patients with sensitive teeth may require local anesthesia.
How Long Does a Tartar Cleaning Take?
The duration of tartar removal depends on the extent of buildup and the overall condition of your mouth. On average, it takes between 30 and 60 minutes. For heavy tartar accumulation, the process may take longer or require multiple appointments.
What Happens If Tartar Is Not Removed?
Failure to remove tartar can lead to a series of oral health complications, such as:
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Gingivitis: Early-stage gum disease marked by inflammation and bleeding.
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Periodontitis: Advanced gum disease that leads to gum recession and tooth mobility.
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Tooth loss: Severe gum disease can cause teeth to become loose and fall out.
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Persistent bad breath
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Jawbone damage
How to Prevent Tartar Formation
Preventing tartar buildup requires good oral hygiene habits:
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Brush your teeth twice daily
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Floss daily to remove plaque between teeth
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Use antiseptic mouthwash to reduce bacterial growth
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Eat a balanced diet, limiting sugary and starchy foods
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Visit your dentist regularly for cleanings and check-ups
Conclusion
Tartar is a hardened form of dental plaque that, if left untreated, can lead to serious gum disease and tooth loss. Regular tartar removal is crucial for maintaining oral health. Brushing, flossing, and routine dental visits are the best ways to prevent tartar and protect your teeth. For a healthy smile, don’t skip your cleanings—tartar removal is not just cosmetic; it’s essential.